f4:

Besides the natural situation of the place there are fourteen fortifications, bulwarks or ramparts, about the walls, and joined to them.

1. The outworks and north fosse, of the middle and southern rampart, of the east bulwark. 2. The north wing or rampart of the east bulwark.

3. The middle rampart, about the old fortification of the great gate.

4. The south wing or rampart about shoemaker's tower.

5. The outworks about lyon's tower.

6. The old fortification before the great gate, called Obir na sparra.

7. The fortification of bulwark, from the inner part of shoemaker's tower, called The Rampir.

8. The old bulwark near the strand, called Can an balla.

9. The place above Martin's mill, called Millen an Martin.

10. Three towers upon the three gates of the bridge.

11. ditto

12. ditto

13. The interior castle for defence of the bridge.

14. The exterior bulwark defending the bridge.

The names of the city gates, which are fourteen in number. The principal is the great gate, which contains six, of which

28. The first, is in the south wing of the east bulwark.

29. The second and third, which are the sides of the old fortification, before the great gate; the forth, is seen on entering, and the iron gate, which is the fifth.

30. The sixth, is that which immediately looks into the city.

31. Upon the bridge there are three, the first, which is the most distant, called in Sparra hier.

32. The second, is the middle gate, with winding leaves.

33. The third, which next approaches the city.

34. The little gate also has three, of which the first is an iron gate, which looks towards the north.

35. The middle gate, which is seen on entrance, and the third, through which is the passage to the city.

36. Two gates towards the shore, of which, one is called the ould key gate.

37. The other, the new strand gate.

There are seven ascents to the walls.

38. The first, is near the little gate, which is not seen except from within.

39. The second and third stairs, are on each side of the great gate.

40. The fourth, is the ascent from Plud-street, called Steire naguinagh.

41. The fifth, is the ascent from the area of the new strand gate.

* The sixth, is near the old quay gate.

42o. Likewise several gardens near Athy's Castle.

43. The seventh, in Alexander's-lane, which is not seen except from within.

44. There are seven vacant spaces to be noticed, the first, the garden hill, near lyon's tower.

45. Several gardens under the middle tower.

46. Several gardens under penrice's tower.

47. Several gardens about the pidgeon-house.

48. The area of the new strand gate.

49 Blake's great garden.

50. The names of the fourteen principal streets, of which the first is the great gate street.

51. The high middle street. 52. The Market street, including Gaol street. 53. The Kea street. 54. Crosse street. 55. Bridge gate street. 56. Lumbard street. 57. North street. 58. Little gate street. 59. Skinner's or Glover's street. 60. A street between two lanes, called Sraid eddir da bogher. 61. New tower street. 62. Pludd street. 63. Earl street, or Sraid Tober and Iarlagh.

64. The fourteen principal lanes, are first Blake's lane. 65. Dark lane, called Boaher Dubh. 66. Bodkin's lane. 67. The poor Clares lane. 68. Upper shoemaker's lane. 69. Lower shoemaker's lane. 70. Fisher's lane. 71. The lan between the two strand gates, called Boaher eddir da Stronda. 72. Martin's mill lane. 73. Kirwan's lane. 74. St. John's lane, called in Gutta 75. The red Earl's lane, called Boaher an Iarlagh. 76. Alexander's lane, commonly called Boaher Isander. 77. Crooked lane, called Boaher Keam.

A. Besides the collegiate church of Saint Nicholas, there are fourteen communities or residences of sacred persons.

B. The college of the Priests and Pastors. C. The community or residence of the Friars Minors. D. The community or residence of Friars Preachers. E. The community or residence of Augustine Preachers. F. The community or residence of Society of Jesus. G. The community or residence of Brothers Carmelites. H. The community or residence of Capuchins. I. The community or residence of Sisters of the rich Clares. K. The community or residence of poor Clares. L. The community or residence of third order of Saint Francis. M. The community or residence of order of Saint Dominick. N. The community or residence of order of Saint Augustine. O. The community or residence of Carmelites P. Various retreats of devout females.

Fourteen remarkable edifices, castles or mansion houses, of the nobility, gentry and citizens of Galway.

Q. The old castle of the most illustrious Lord, Richard De Burgo, the red Earl.

R. Athy's castle, in the north part of the city.

S. Lynch's castle, in the middle of the city.

T. Blake's castle, on the south near the strand.

V. The mansion house, of Sir Robert Lynch, baronet.

W. The mansion house, of Sir Valentine Blake, baronet.

X. The mansion house, of Sir Peter Frinch, knight.

Y. The mansion house, of Sir Richard Blake, knight.

Z. The mansion house, of Sir Dominick Blake, knight.

&c. The mansion house, of Sir Oliver Frinch, knight.

a. The mansion house, of Martin Dorsi, citizen.

b. The mansion house, of Sir Walter Blake, knight.

c. The mansion house, of Antony Ro. Lynch, citizen.

d. The mansion house, of Martin Browne, citizen.

Seven places and stations of monuments, or alters, solemnly built by the clergy, in the streets, for the solemnity and procession of corpus christi.

e. By the Franciscans.

f. By the Capuchins.

g. By the Augustinians.

h. By the Dominicans.

i. By the Carmelites.

k. By the Jesuits.

l. By the Priests of the College of St. Nicholas.

Seven public places, or principal markets, of the city.

m. The market for fresh water fish, before Blake's lane, called The little gate corners.

n. The Shambles.

o. The Cow market or Plud street.

p. The Horse market, near the new strand gate.

q. The market, or fish shambles, before and in the Fsher's lane.

r. The little market for various wares, through the street of this market.

s. The market, where all other wares are promiscuously sold.

There are seven other places and things to be noticed.

t. The old town house, upon the gaol and shambles.

u. The edifice commenced for a town house.

w. The Exchange.

x. The cemetery of the church, with the great tree.

y. St. Nicholas's hospital or poor house.

z. The market and college cross.

&. And old pidgeon house, in the south part of the city.

REFERENCE II.

On the West

1. An explanation of the description of Galway.

2. The arms of the fourteen tribes of Galway.

3. The arms of ten other branches, connected with the families of Galway.

4. The monastery of Saint Dominick.

5. The cemetery of the monestery.

6. Several gardens, 6.a Parks, 6.b Orchards.

7. The place where ships are repaired.

8. St. Mary's hill, called Cnucja in Tampeill Mirea.

9. The south suburbs, 9.d The road to cave hill.

10. St. Marys rivulet, called Sruhan Mirea.

11. Ball's bridge, called Dredha Miall. 11.c Ball's bridge river.

12. Castle jordan, called Meil Costain

13. The middle suburbs, Balle Meanagh.

14. Giant's hill, called Cnuckain na Kgehim.

15. The whirlpool river, with the whirlpool, called Poultuofil.

16. Island altagneach, now the island of Saint Clara.

17. The house of the nuns of St. Clara.

18. The other island altagneach, formerly called goat island.

19. A causeway or passage between the two islands, with the fishing place.

20. The river of Galway, formerly the river Ausoba, now called Pollin Mor.

21. The great cataracts, where salmon are taken up, called Inchora mor.

22. The little cataracts, called Cora na b'maraher, where Eels are taken.

23. Stag island, alias Illain an fhia.

23.b Thady's island, called Inis Teig.

24. The rock, where the woman Galva is said to have been drowned, from which the city of Galway was named.

25. A bathing place, where boys swin, called Srugh millin Shemis khigh.

26. The big bridge, being the only passage from the west to the city: here also salmon are killed with a spear.

27. The fortification for defence of the shipping in the port.

28. The rivulet encompassing the bulwark of the bridge.

29. Place where salmon are fished for with nets.

30. The river falls into the sea.

31. The sea flows into the torrent of the river.

32. The strand where ships are unloaded, called the Kea. 33. The new walk near the strand, called the Exchange.

34. The pile where the new buildings where commenced.

35. The Crow's Rock, called Carrig an Pfreaghan.

36. The promontory of Ruintenain.

37. The bay of Galway.

38. The road.

39. The bay which leads to the port of Ardfry?.

40. Cromwell's ships, following the king's subjects to the port of Ardfry?.

41. The promontory of Ruinmore?.

42. Mutton Island.

43. Hill, called Cnuc a T'dollain.

44. Part of the crane's strand, called Trai an cgoer.

45. Part of the road leading to Blake's hill. 46. The west suburbs called Fahei-beg. 47. Part of the road which leads to St. James's chapel at newcastle, and the strong castle, called in Dangein. 48. The foundation of the west fortifications, where formerly commenced. 49. Part of the road which leads to the castle of Rahune?.

On the East

1. The title of the city of Galway. 2. The monastery of St Augustin, surrounded by the fort. 3. Saint Augustin's well, on the south side of the hill. 4. Saint Augustin's hill. 5. Saint Bridget's hill, on the right and left of the high way. 6. Saint Bridget's chapel. 7. The house of lepers, under the title of St. Bridget. 8. The house of Capuchins. 9. The arms of Great Britain. 10. The arms of the kingdom of Ireland 11. The arms of the kingdom of Scotland 12. The most ancient arms of Galway. The old arms of ditto. The modern arms of ditto. 13. Genealogical tree of the king of England, from an Irish and Scottish root. 14. Genealogical branch of the Galway families, from the same. 15. The highway leading to the hills, called Leaghtifarda. 16. The pathway leading to the high hill of the blighted bush, called Cnuck-weildris. 17. The king's high road, called Bohermore. 18. The lake called Linmore 19. The cross in the middle of the highway, called Laght more ni hein 20. The little lane which leads to Lynch's rock, called Cligh-an Lince. 21. The lines and position of Cromwell's forces, at the siege of the town, when it was taken. 22. The bogs of Suckin. 22.b Part of castle gare. 23. Suckin river, (a) part of the mill, and (d) part of Balendula. 24. The plague house, with the garden annexed. 25. Horse Island, called Illain na Cgapiall. 26. The stream and new fosse, called Diegnua. 27. The little bridge river. 28. The draw bridge 29. The old stream, by which the water formerly ran to the monastery or abbey bridge, called in Turre, or Leaim Teige. 30. The abbey bridge. 31. Several mills, viz. St. Francis' mill. 34.a St. Michael's mill. 35.b The bridge mill. 35.c The little gate mill. 32. The Friar's stream, by which wood, &c was formerly brought to the abbey, called Srucainna b'mraher. 33. The abbey of Saint Francis, or of the Friars' minors. 34. The abbey church year. 35. The gate of the inner inclosure of the abbey, and the dormitory. 36. The refectory, called Halla na b'mraher. 37. Several gardens laid out by the friars. 38. The wood strand or quay, and a cross or water mark in the river. 39. The north suburbs, and 45, the east. 40. The gallows, where criminals are executed. 46.e The new market, with the cross. 41. The second lake, on the way, before the gallows. 42. The old pidgeon-house. 43. Green plots, where the gentlemen of the city usually play and amuse themselves, commonly called The Green. 44. The scite, where it is said formerly stood the hospital of the knights templars. 45. The garden angle, called Cluid na Garriha. 45.o Playing at bowls. 46. The promontory of Morloint. 46.a Ruinmor. 46.b Ruismor. 47. The pool. 48. The salt lake, called Lough-an Stale?. 49. Part of the stream by which the citizens formerly intended to bring round the north river, and join it to the south, by Lough an Stale. 50. Arms of some of the many noble families of Ireland, connected with those of Galway.